Ms. Crowe said the shortage of nurses in the recovery room had a ripple effect on staffing throughout the hospital, forcing administrators to pull nurses from other departments.

On Friday, about 100 protesters who had begun by whispering chants inside Hamilton Hall suddenly barricaded themselves inside, forcing classes and administrators to meet elsewhere.

The paranoia that hackers leave in their wake only stifles our work . . . forcing administrators to disconnect our links to networked communities.

Roth was part of a group who participated in attempting to force administrators of Columbia University to allow SDS members expelled from school to register for the following term.

"When the work world opened up to women, they fled into better paying jobs, creating a void that forced medical administrators to rethink the compensation issue," he said.

In succeeding years the corruption and reputation of the freedman forced new and more reliable administrators.

For at least two decades, schools have been underfinanced, forcing administrators to actively seek money from nontraditional sources.

"We're also forcing administrators to resign at the age of 65, bringing in 5 percent of new scientists every year, and thereby assuring Soviet science of new blood."

That mandate has often forced administrators to discharge patients who in many cases pose a threat to themselves or others.

Paul Hanson, a spokesman for the Philadelphia school district, said the conflict between state and Federal law had forced administrators to choose which one they wanted to break.