Talk of reform can even be heard from radical breakaway Palestinian factions, still based here despite government denials.

The other faction, based in the central and southern administrative districts of the country, named itself the Communist Party of Annam in the fall.

"We want to expand the dialogue to all the factions based on a real Palestinian agenda," Mr. Nofal said.

These local factions might take sides to either faction simply based on the fact that their opponents were loyal to the other faction.

Another faction based in Dajabon, near the border, opposed union with Gran Colombia and supported Boyer.

The rates were higher in Pennsylvania and New York, where long-standing factions, based on ethnic and religious groups, mobilized supporters at a higher rate.

The Fuma clan is split into factions based on the Chinese zodiac.

The royal family is politically divided by factions based on clan loyalties, personal ambitions and ideological differences.

The remaining councillors, both party-political and independent, form a number of factions based as much on personalities as policy.

In 2005, members of the faction based around the Démocratie & Socialisme magazine joined the faction but left in 2007.