Goods which are completely rivalrous, by definition, cannot yield external benefits.

Some goods can give private and external benefits.

These external benefits are enjoyed by all and so are non-rivalrous.

Economists argue that state support for infant industries is only justified if there are external benefits.

Efforts to call attention to these external, public benefits of higher education have not entirely withered.

In the case of external benefits this does not normally raise any major problems because such cost is an isolated expenditure.

The external benefits are therefore not adequately taken into account.

Is it possible that there is an external benefit against which they must be offset?

Direct, indirect, and 'external' benefits can also be identified.

Energy efficiency and other sustainability improvements for low-income households have external benefits as well.