With increasing frequency, American companies are in a tug of war with Beijing over its insistence that investments are tied to extensive transfers of technology - often to develop industries that will compete with foreign firms.

In a February article in Scientific American, titled "Uprooting the Tree of Life," Dr. Doolittle argued that extensive horizontal transfers of genes occurred even after the emergence of the three kingdoms, making the origin of life look more like a forkful of spaghetti than a tree.

This type of leadership development usually requires the extensive transfer of an individual between departments.

Officials said the efforts by Congress and the White House to cut the anti-drug assistance to Peru, Bolivia and Colombia reflected a recognition that coca crops and cocaine production remained virtually undiminished despite the extensive transfer of weapons, military training and economic aid to those countries since 1989.

Their genome sequences show evidence of extensive horizontal genetic transfer, both between phages and between phages and their mycobacterial hosts.

Although heavily populated by Conservatives, the new government decided to continue with the Bill with no serious changes, despite its extensive transfer of private undertakings into the public sector.

The college offers flexible programs, including distance education, extensive transfers of credits from other universities, prior-learning assessment for knowledge gained through independent studies, standardized evaluations, and the opportunity to design one's own degree with an academic advisor or mentor.

But extensive transfer means that neither is the case: gene trees will differ (although many will have regions of similar topology) and there would never have been a single cell that could be called the last universal common ancestor.

He was responsible for planning and on-orbit operations, including extensive transfer of logistics and science, including 4800 pounds of science and mission hardware, food, water and air to Mir, and returning over 1100 pounds of U.S. and ESA science and Russian hardware.

SAAB favored 'extensive transfer of technology' well in excess of 60% more than requirement of RFI to boost India's indigenous capabilities in fighter jets.