In practice measurements are usually equilibrium quantities.

A change of temperature, pressure (or volume) constitutes an external influence and the equilibrium quantities will change as a result of such a change.

This shows, that if we see a rise in the equilibrium price and a fall in the equilibrium quantity, then consumer surplus falls.

The equilibrium quantities can also be determined graphically.

The firms may face differing cost functions in which case the reaction functions would not be identical nor would the equilibrium quantities.

Although the tax reduces the take-home pay of workers, there is no change in the gross wage or the equilibrium quantity of hours.

The equilibrium quantity remains the socially efficient quantity.

This raises the equilibrium quantity from to the higher .

The equilibrium quantity increases from to as consumers move along the demand curve to the new lower price.

But due to the change (shift) in supply, the equilibrium quantity and price have changed.