Their measurements of diffuse radiation could help resolve questions relating to the large-scale distribution of matter in the universe.

Newer recorders can also measure the global and diffuse radiation.

A solarimeter is a pyranometer, a type of measuring device used to measure combined direct and diffuse solar radiation.

The primary energy input is the global light irradiance in the plane of the solar arrays, and this in turn is a combination of the direct and the diffuse radiation.

Direct radiation is that which travels unimpeded through space and the atmosphere to the surface; and diffuse radiation is that scattered by atmospheric constituents such as molecules, aerosols, and clouds.

The interplanetary zodiacal dust emits a diffuse near-infrared radiation that can mask the emission of faint sources such as extrasolar planets.

The radiation gauge showed the usual constant-17 nanowatt per square meter, which was the diffuse radiation from the home galaxy, 5000 light years away, and from other island universes afar off across the starless gulf.

These calculations require theoretical or empirical distributions of direct and diffuse radiation in the open, without canopy or other sky obstruction.

Indirect Site Factor (ISF) is the proportion of diffuse solar radiation at a given location relative to that in the open, either integrated over time for all sky directions or resolved by sky sector direction.

Solar insolation is made up of direct radiation, diffuse radiation and reflected radiation (or albedo.