The consortium, based in Austin, Tex., developed new techniques to make chips to counter strides by Japanese competitors.

Mr. Torvalds will become the first fellow of the Open Source Development Lab, a nonprofit consortium based in Beaverton, Ore.

Both Boeing and Airbus, the European consortium based in France, announced their intentions to provide Internet connectivity during the height of the dot-com bubble.

Rival Efforts in Europe The new fleet will compete against Arianespace, a consortium based in France that now dominates the launching of commercial sattelites.

American utilities alone contribute 7.5 percent of the world's carbon dioxide output, according to the Electric Power Research Institute, a nonprofit consortium based in Palo Alto, Calif.

The third satellite is one being refurbished by Hughes on behalf of a British-Chinese consortium based in Hong Kong.

Asiasat, a British and Chinese consortium based in Hong Kong, has made plans to buy a communications satellite from the Hughes Aircraft Company.

The consortium, based in an old foundry building on the banks of the Allegheny River, will have laboratories and test facilities where mobile robots can be put through their paces.

The consortium, based in Cambridge, Mass., conducts research and policy analysis for its members.