This, in the absence of closed-form solutions to the equations, is our aim.

To find a maximum, we need to solve an equation which has no closed-form solution.

There is no closed-form solution to a non-linear least squares problem.

This is a simple equation with a closed-form solution that has become standard in the financial community.

Somewhat surprisingly for an optimal control problem, a closed-form solution exists.

Many variations of the problem have been explored, but most do not lead to a simple closed-form solution.

Numerical integration was often easier than trying to find closed-form solutions for difficult problems.

In this case, closed-form solutions are available if the dividend is a known proportion of the stock price.

However, these normally do not result in a closed-form solution.

This equation does not have a closed-form solution for given .