In 1898, these cities were allowed to form city assemblies.

Shinagawa is run by a city assembly of 40 elected members.

From 1990 to 2007 the mayor was elected by the city assembly.

The city assembly has 57 members, elected directly for four-year terms.

Members of the city assembly and mayor are elected at direct elections.

The magazine, which cost the strapped city assembly $150,000 a year to publish, was closed two weeks ago by the new administration.

The city is run by a city assembly of 50 elected members.

Shibuya is run by a city assembly of 34 elected members.

The members of the city assembly are elected at direct elections.

Prior to 2009, the mayor was elected by the city assembly.