The sahelian zone experienced a chronic shortfall in cereal production, whereas the soudanian zone traditionally had a cereal surplus.

The basic policy question is this: Should the United States, with a chronic shortfall in net saving and investment, sluggish productivity gains and limited improvement in real wages, tax investment assets to provide additional subsidies for consumption?

In addition to chronic financial shortfalls, which have affected everything from policing the parks to interpreting them for visitors, the administration embarked on a disastrous effort to rewrite the management policies that govern the parks.

But the fund has faced chronic shortfalls as the percentage of taxpayers contributing has declined to less than 10 percent last year from over 30 percent in the 1970s.

With perverse inconsistency, Washington pleads with others to pay more than their mandated share despite the United States' own chronic shortfalls.

The mania for investing is also likely to ameliorate the country's chronic shortfall in private savings.

But it is also facing chronic shortfalls, partly due to big increases in aid to public schools passed by the Legislature.

As donors weary of chronic shortfalls, boards bank on conductors and executives with proven track records rather than untested newcomers.

He said he feared for the future of public schools and lamented chronic financial shortfalls that impel him to ask acquaintances and former students to contribute money and equipment.

The sum amounting to 200,000 Pesos provided a much needed relief to the institution that has been plagued with a chronic financial shortfall.