Other laboratory data questioned senna's effects on cell mutations, so its cousins aloe and cascara sagrada must be studied too, the F.D.A. said.

Humans can withstand a fair amount of chemical mutagens before mutations start whereas once radiation hits the cell mutations occur instantly.

He hired her to work in his laboratory in the summers, and together they wrote a paper on cell mutations in Chinese hamsters.

Without endemic malaria, the sickle cell mutation is purely disadvantageous and will tend to be selected out of the affected population via natural selection.

Recent increases in childhood cancers in throughout North America, such as leukemia, may be a result of genotoxic and nongenotoxic pesticides due to somatic cell mutations.

The idea goes some way to explaining why some individuals with red cell mutations are immune to Plasmodium infection.

The reason, Dr. Stewart said, was that radiation causes cell mutation no matter what the worker's age, but younger workers have stronger immune systems.

Increased probability of cell mutation (carcinogenic activity)

Sickle cell mutations are believed to have occurred independently at least five times.

Experts believe the cell mutations that cause breast cancer are triggered by everything from X-rays to hormonal shifts during your period and pregnancy.