Because asthma severity may act on the causal pathway between a risk factor and subsequent hospitalization for asthma, we present multivariate models both including and excluding baseline asthma severity and generic health status.

The causal pathway by which this occurs is unknown.

This model suggests that perceived group efficacy and perceived injustice provide the basis from which social identity emerges, highlighting an alternative causal pathway to collective action.

Alternative explanations include (1) the presence of multiple independent causal pathways leading to cardiovascular disease and (2) traditional risk factors correlating more closely with mortality than morbidity or underlying pathophysiology.

Risk assessment studies have explored the possibility of harm more objectively through causal pathways and model building.

The general causal pathway depends on a number of variables and probabilities.

Rather than comparing the relative peacefulness of unipolarity, multipolarity, and bipolarity, he identifies causal pathways to war that are endemic to a unipolar system.

Another study conducted with over 3000 youth in the 5th, 8th and 11th grades using surveys concluded that Internet victimization shares common causal pathways with physical and verbal victimization.

Insight into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: Adverse childhood experiences study.

Inclusion versus exclusion of adult height, which might be on the causal pathway between adolescent diet and adult health, did not substantially alter the results reported.