Within the same breeding territory, the individual composition of nesting groups constantly changes, often involving birds that sometimes also contribute to nests in other territories.

Pairs defend a small breeding territory, usually extending around 3-4 m from the nest.

The breeding territory covers just 40 hectares, the smallest of any bird of prey.

Wallcreepers are territorial, and pairs vigorously defend their breeding territory during the summer.

In fact, a Frisbee could dome the entire breeding territory of most males.

Female Corvus corone have been found to establish successful breeding territories at a higher rate than males.

With these song flights, males defend their breeding territories and attract mates.

Ecologists have often found leaving the nest to be the more attractive option, as long as good breeding territory is available.

This is because they are defending their breeding territories.