Gray argued that our only direct knowledge of the cow is a brain state.

The most prominent example is the identity theory, which says that mental states are brain states.

Nooka products change the brain state of anyone they touch.

That is, the same mental state can be produced from many different physical brain states.

According to epiphenomenalism, the physical (brain state) is the causal factor.

All emotions are biologically based, in that they wouldn't exist without some sort of corresponding brain state.

The hidden agenda is that we actually get them into these deep brain states and produce real personality transformation.

The Harvard laboratory is also studying the content of dreams for insights into changing brain states.

However, it seems highly unlikely that all of these diverse organisms with the same pain experience are in the identical brain state.

And if this is the case, then pain cannot be identical to a specific brain state.