The hypothetical concept of a perfect crystal is important in the basic formulation of the laws of thermodynamics.

They were also for the most part ignorant of, or ignored, the basic Marxist formulation that it is impossible to build socialism in impoverished societies.

Café mocha, in its most basic formulation, can also be referred to as hot chocolate with (e.g. a shot of) espresso added.

A number of different products on the market use this basic formulation with minor variations in ingredients.

Gorny goes on to criticise three basic formulations upon which Sternhell constructs his thesis.

Fluxes for soft solder are currently available in three basic formulations:

There are three basic formulations of dye used in CD-Rs:

However, his basic formulation does not involve detailed electromagnetic theory.

Various scholars have offered significant refinements to this basic formulation (details below).

The basic formulation includes three formulae.