The temperature of stars other than the Sun can be approximated using a similar means by treating the emitted energy as a black body radiation.

For large numbers of animals per group, n, the statistical power can be approximated using asymptotic theory.

The solution space is then approximated using so called form-functions of a pre-defined degree.

Additional colors are often approximated using dithering, although the low resolution makes it very apparent.

Rates are approximated using data gathered from Japanese atomic bomb survivors.

This can also be approximated using the following formula for the number of people necessary to have at least a 50% chance of matching:

The value of can be approximated using the Taylor expansion.

In practice dependency is approximated using static analysis.

The energy required for this can be approximated using the following equation:

Power for any analyses involving continuous measures can be approximated using an independent t test comparison between the incident cases and controls.