More often, cases of apparent fraud are difficult if not impossible to prove, and researchers accused of fakery deny the charges regardless of how incriminating the evidence.

Mr. Szilagyi said some cases of apparent fraud have also been referred to the authorities for criminal investigation.

From apparent fraud emerges surprising results - love, happiness and success.

Refco had sold shares to the public in a public offering only two months before revealing the apparent fraud.

The apparent fraud was caught by Peter James, Refco's newly hired controller.

Mr. Wyden said he would reintroduce a bill this year to require auditors to report apparent fraud to Government regulators.

It found apparent fraud or abuse there in 88.5 percent of the bodily injury claims.

At the time the apparent fraud was uncovered, McCotter was on a congressional trip to Taiwan.

This incident lacks an essential ingredient for a hoax, making it an apparent fraud.

Mr. Layfield added that there was no evidence that any Signet employees were involved in the apparent fraud.