It arises from the interaction of adhesion forces and inertial forces.

Limiting friction is a poor representation of the adhesion force in this case.

The actual adhesion forces arise from the distortion of the tread and rail in the region of contact.

As the speed increases, the inertial forces become comparable with the adhesion forces.

This breaks the adhesion force and severely reduces their attraction to the charging pad, allowing the acceleration grid to start pulling them out.

The histogram of the adhesion forces obtained in these multiple measurements provides the main data output for force spectroscopy measurement.

This is exactly the reason why the gecko's feet can generate extraordinary adhesion force to different kinds of surfaces.

The mineral-protein interface with its underlying adhesion forces is involved in the toughening properties of mineralized tissues.

On contact with a surface, adhesion forces result in wetting of the surface.