These were independent congregations, not recognised by the Scottish bishops.

John de Ralston was a 15th-century Scottish bishop and administrator.

He was commissioned to consecrate the new Scottish bishops.

Alexander Stewart (died 1371) was a 14th-century Scottish bishop.

How far the different statements from the English bishops and the Scottish bishops do that is a matter of personal judgment.

In the following year Bishop Hay, along with all other Scottish bishops, was deprived of his see.

Robert Keith (1681-1757) was a Scottish Episcopal bishop and historian.

Guild went as commissioner to the Glasgow assembly of 1638, which deposed the Scottish bishops.

Robert Cairncross (died 1544) was a Scottish bishop.

Perhaps the most interesting Scottish bishop of his day, he was remembered for his scholarship and his good nature, rather than for any accomplishment.