The People's Republic of China officially asserts itself to be the sole legitimate government of China, and that Taiwan is a province of China.

The Republic of China, confined to Taiwan and a few smaller islands since 1949, has asserted since then that it is the rightful Chinese government.

The People's Republic of China asserts its sole intellectual property rights.

In 1948, the Republic of Korea (ROK) asserted its sovereignty over the island based on "historical claims".

The People's Republic of China, in turn, asserts itself as the sole legitimate government of China, and claims all territories administered by ROC.

This did not necessarily mean a dramatic change in the substance of French policy: in its last phase the Fourth Republic had asserted French independence through a nuclear policy and a far from submissive attitude towards the US and Britain.

Republic asserts that there is a lack of transparency and accountability with respect to the funding of the monarchy.

Since the death of Chiang Kai-shek in 1975, Republic of China no longer aggressively asserts its exclusive mandate and most of the world's nations have since broken their official diplomatic ties with Republic of China (except for 23 nations as of 2008).

The present (11th) incarnation of the Panchen Lama is a matter of controversy: the People's Republic of China asserts it is Gyancain Norbu, while the 14th Dalai Lama asserted it was Gedhun Choekyi Nyima on May 14, 1995.

The People's Republic of China (PRC) disputed the proposed US handover of authority to Japan in 1971 and has asserted its claims to the islands since that time.