We therefore prepared serial dilutions where four control transcripts were spiked into a total RNA sample.

RNA samples are then separated by gel electrophoresis.

RNA samples were analyzed by denatured gel electrophoresis.

Second, technical replicates (two RNA samples obtained from each experimental unit) help to ensure precision and allow for testing differences within treatment groups.

The RNA samples were then sent to the company's lab for genetic analysis.

Each RNA sample was labeled separately and hybridized to a separate array.

In our experiment, all hybridisations were done using single pig or human RNA samples.

To address these issues, we tested RNA sample pooling and showed that it provides an efficient alternative solution.

RNA samples from treated and control cell lines were compared directly on the same microarray.

The RNA sample was heated to 70 C for 10 min, then chilled on ice.