At present it is more common to quantize the Fourier components of the vector potential.

As such, single Fourier components, or lines in frequency space are of major importance in ring outputs.

Each Fourier component of that fluctuation will grow or diminish according to its wavelength.

The reverse process is also possible, driving the machine with the function and measuring the Fourier components as output.

Suppose that the three Fourier components , and were perfectly phase locked.

The description was approximate, since the Fourier components did not have frequencies that exactly match the energy spacings between levels.

To find the values of and we use initial conditions and the orthogonality of Fourier components.

The power spectrum can then be defined via the ensemble average of the Fourier components:

An eddy differs from a Fourier component in the following way.

A single Fourier component, no matter how small its wave length (that is, how large the value of k), extends over the whole flow.