Andong is also a home of Confucian studies and academies during the Joseon Dynasty.

He promoted Confucian studies and provided proper burial for deceased refugees who had no family members to look after their funeral affairs.

Biographies of Kūkai suggest that he became disillusioned with his Confucian studies, but developed a strong interest in Buddhist studies instead.

Confucian studies had long been kept active in Japan by Buddhist clerics, but during the Tokugawa period, Confucianism emerged from Buddhist religious control.

Confucian studies (Vols.

For his achievements in Confucian studies, he was also granted the title of a minor marquis.

Students of Confucian studies were potential candidates for the imperial examinations, the graduates of which could be appointed as state bureaucrats in the local, provincial, and central government.

Sun Quan then said, "I'm not saying that I want you to take up Confucian studies and become a scholar-official.

However, instead of going into Confucian studies and preparing for an official career, Zhang Ce was devoted to Buddhism in his youth.

He constructed the historical basis for his critical assessment of classical Confucian literary studies.