Some modes such as the CBC mode only operate on complete plaintext blocks.

On the other hand, CBC mode can be proven to be secure under the assumption that the underlying block cipher is likewise secure.

He was the inventor of the padding oracle attack on CBC mode of encryption.

Ciphertext stealing for CBC mode doesn't necessarily require the plaintext to be longer than one block.

Encrypt X to create E. This is equivalent to the behavior of standard CBC mode.

Encrypt the whole padded plaintext using the standard CBC mode.

Decrypt the (modified) ciphertext using the standard CBC mode.

However, the CBC mode is still the default for compatibility with older volumes.

The adopted (optional) encryption standard is AES 128 bit in CBC mode.

Because of this, it is impossible to use data that has been encrypted with the CBC mode as a unique key to identify a row in a database.