Though the San Diego-based Qualcomm Corporation introduced the basic technology in the late 1980's, providers have faced daunting technical challenges in getting C.D.M.A. from the laboratory to the marketplace.

One problem that providers face is what economists call "adverse selection."

Nor does it provide any clarity on whether the providers of such services face indirect liability for the infringing activities of their users.

All content providers face an unclear business model, with subscriptions, à la carte sales and ad-supported free models jockeying for position.

But all signs are that cellular providers in towns like Beckley, W.Va., (population 17,254) and Dalhart, Tex., (population 7,438) will face fewer hiccups.

It's almost certain that content providers required Google to lock down movie rentals to un-rooted devices-Apple, Netflix, Amazon, and others face similar burdens.

With the advent of managed care, medical providers are facing severe financial pressures, and today New York Hospital needs money.

The optimal level of cyber-security depends largely on the incentives facing providers and the incentives facing perpetrators.

Adobe and/or content providers will likely face some serious blowback if secure Flash content-which probably had to be paid for-suddenly won't play on the numerous non-HDCP displays currently in use.

The provider who evaluates your child is likely to ask you to fill out a checklist that provides a detailed profile of your child and the challenges your child is facing.