Ammocoetes are filter feeders who draw overlying water into burrows they dig into soft bottom substrates.

As the hypolimnion of lakes gradually filled with sediments, oxygen depletion would promote the release of iron-bound phosphorus to the overlying water.

Crab burrows provide an efficient mechanism for exchanging water between the anoxic substrate and the overlying water.

The sulfurous lakes formed when overlying water dried up, probably from the heat generated by the layer of magma that seeped under the crater lake in 1987 and 1988.

This helps mitigate the release of phosphorus from the soil to overlying water when the area is reflooded.

The brines percolate up the basin bounding faults and are released into the overlying oceanic water.

Tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.

Bioirrigation, or simply irrigation, refers to the process of benthic organisms flushing their burrows with overlying water.

Simply put, the bathymetric chart is intended to show the land if overlying waters were removed in exactly the same manner as the topographic map.

The organic matter consisted of algal material that fell downward from the overlying oxygenated waters.