Some political experts see the new determination to expose the fascist elements of Vichy rule as a reaction to the recent growth of a racist extreme right in France.

That same week, a prominent black minister said Mr. Giuliani attracted "fascist" elements.

Paxton analyzes the entire range of Vichy supporters, from reactionaries to moderate liberal modernizers, and concludes that genuine fascist elements had but minor roles in most sectors.

Nevertheless, other historians theorize a synthesis of fascist and conservative elements, performed by Antonescu and other European leaders of his day.

Dinkins surrogates have used bigoted statements to rally the black vote; the Rev. William Jones's comment about "fascist" elements in the Giuliani campaign is an example.

It was briefly suppressed in France in the late 1930s because of its use by the fascist element.

To be sure, the legal government of Hungary and its fascist elements had already played a prominent role in killing Jews even before this.

Some authors do not consider it as a fascist political movement, whilst others suggest its ideology had fascist elements or even consider it as a 'nazified' movement.

In the other, the Rev. William H. Jones, the head of a Baptist ministers group, said Mr. Giuliani was supported by "fascist elements."